As full-length elements are the only elements capable of transposition, selection limiting the spread of full-length copies could reduce the transposition rate and the number of new nLTR-RT copies, contributing to the low copy number of most families.
For each consecutive site, the gene copy contributed to the gamete was sampled from the same chromosome or from the alternative one with probability (1 – c) or c, respectively, where c = 0.5 {1 – exp[−2L/(ns + nn − 1)]} represents the recombination fraction (Haldane 1919).
It is hypothesized that the donor of chloroplast DNA is the maternal parent of Th. intermedium and that the different GBSSI variants represent homoeologous copies contributed to Th. intermedium by its putative progenitors.
However, these reports were not independently confirmed [ 8], with one notable exception where integrated virus-specific sequences were discovered in mice infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), leading to the intriguing hypothesis that the integrated copies might contributed to the lifelong immunity of the survivor animals [ 9].
To investigate if TopoII alpha gene copy loss contributed to the mRNA decrease, fluorescence in situ hybridisation using a TopoII alpha-specific probe was performed.
In four of the five cases, no mutations were present on all copies of the amplified segment, even allowing for the one patient where both parental copies of the locus contributed to the amplification.
Each can be appreciated only through ancient descriptions and copies, but each clearly contributed to the rapid transition in sculpture from Classical idealism to Hellenistic realism.
Therefore, each of the four copies of data independently contributed to the construction of the Tea.Unigene library.
To our knowledge, our analysis provides the first quantitative estimate of the proportion of "source" copies that may have contributed to the expansion of a DNA transposon family.
Costs associated with the recent price increase at USA Today -- to 75 cents a copy from 50 cents -- also contributed to the increased expenses.
