Removal of the ligands coordinating the nanoparticle surface is a unique but simple way to disperse the UCNPs into aqueous phase (see Figure 16).
Thiol-containing compounds are also particularly effective capping agents for metal-sulfide clusters and nanoparticles at circumneutral pH by coordinating to the surface of the metal-sulfides and preventing further growth or aggregation of particles [41].
Nanocomposites based on colloidal CdSe nanocrystals (NCs) and a poly styrene-co-4-vinylpyridine), able to spoly styrene-co-4-vinylpyridineurface, have been designed and poly styrene-co-4-vinylpyridine
where c is the curvature of the base sphere, k is the conic constant, r is the radial coordinate of the surface, ρ is the radial coordinate of the surface normalized by Rnorm, (that is, ρ = r/Rnorm), φ is the azimuthal component of the surface aperture, and C j is the weight factor of the jth Zernike term, Z j.
The z-dependent surface potential itself also breaks the symmetry, giving rise to a potential signal from the near-surface region, corresponding to the Debye length, with z being the coordinate along the surface normal.
At potentials below 900 mV the H2PO−4 ion is doubly coordinated to the surface, presenting a C2v, symmetry.
It was interestingly found that morin (MR) and its fluorescent metal-ion complex (MR-Al3+) can successfully coordinate on the surface of A-CDs, the emission of A-CDs completely overlapped the absorption peak of MR-Al3+.
Quercetin (QCT) and its fluorescent metal-ion complex (QCT-Al3+) can efficiently coordinate on the surface of CNDs, the emission of CNDs at 429 nm completely overlapped with the absorption peak of QCT-Al3+ at 428 nm.
y: Cartesian coordinates along the surface and normal to it, respectively.
