The finding that E-cadherin modulates WNT/ β-catenin signalling in urothelial cells is in line with recent data suggesting this as a function of E-cadherin additional to or coordinate with mediating cell adhesion (Stockinger et al, 2001).
However, it has been difficult to study its pleiotropic effects, because of the dual capacity of β-catenin to coordinate cadherin-dependent cell adhesion and to act as a component of Wnt signal transduction.
Among the cell surface receptors, integrins form a diverse group of transmembrane glycoproteins that facilitate an active interaction with other cell surface and ECM components, which coordinate the signaling cascades regulating cell adhesion, survival, and cytoskeleton organization [20] [23].
Ankyrin adaptors together with their spectrin partners coordinate diverse ion channels and cell adhesion molecules within plasma membrane domains and thereby promote physiological activities including fast signaling in the heart and nervous system.
Nuclear Factor-kB is a ubiquitous transcription factor that coordinates several gene products such as cell adhesion molecules, chemokines, cytokines, growth factors and regulators of apoptosis (Chen et al, 1999).
This model was used to investigate the role of cell signaling, cell adhesion, chemotaxis, and coordinated differentiation in the morphology of a developed organism.
In doing so, they organise membrane microstructure, and coordinate the disposition of signalling and cell adhesion complexes.
Moreover, ProSAP/Shank proteins bind trans-synaptic complexes of Neuroligins and Neurexins (Meyer et al., 2004) that are cell adhesion molecules which coordinate post- and pre-synaptic structural plasticity (Arons et al., 2012).
The regulation of cell adhesion is a highly coordinated process involving heterodimeric integrin receptors and many other classes of cytoplasmic and membrane proteins.
Since actin assembly factors work in concert, NHS may function as a key scaffold protein which controls the balance between cell adhesion and motility by coordinating the function of multiple regulatory pathways important for actin stability and plasticity.
