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The initial line may be identified with the x-axis of rectangular Cartesian coordinates, as shown in the figure.
The PU (primary user transmitter) is at coordinates as shown in Figure 1.
The PU transmitter is at coordinates as shown in Figure 1.
The ground is considered as a semi-infinite solid with one-dimensional coordinates, as shown in Fig. 1a.
If lens distortion is ignored, H is constant, regardless of the camera coordinates as shown in Eq. (3), but it may change if lens distortion is considered.
These can be done by scrambling compound or combination data, or using random feature representations to generate compound coordinates, as shown in Fig. 8.
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The space is defined by the X Y Z coordinate, as shown in Fig. 2.
Aiming at the problem of node distribution optimization in each corona, an effective coding scheme is applied to represent solutions based on node coordinate, as shown in Figure 3. Figure 3 Node coordinate based individual representation.
Following derivation of spherical phase-modulated (PM) signal within limited synthesized aperture [32] representing return signal phase characteristic along the cross-range coordinate as shown in Figure 9, we express the single-frequency return signal in slow-time domain as.
The following non-dimensional variables are introduced: (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18)where h o is the initial water depth, η is the water elevation, x is the coordinate as shown in the model sketch.
For the sake of presenting the difference of HRS retention in the four groups clearly, the cumulative probabilities of HRS after a 100-h baking were plotted in one coordinate, as shown in Figure 6.
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