This finding is contingent on the existence of a trade-off between the cost to cooperators of performing an altruistic act and the benefit to the recipients towards whom the cooperation is directed.
By definition a cooperative trait carries a cost to cooperator of performing an altruistic act while providing a benefit to the recipient towards whom the cooperation is directed.
We begin by normalizing e so that when cooperators (producers of a public good) are fixed in a population for a sufficient period of time to allow the public good e to go to equilibrium, this equilibrium is set to one (e*p = 1 = 1).
10.7554/eLife.00960.013 Figure 4. Self-organization leads the most giving cooperator to associate most with the heterotypic cooperative partner, allowing discrimination of cooperators of varying quality.
Fig. 2 Ratio of cooperators as a function of the parameter of confidence and time during First Experiment.
Regarding players' behavior, we observe that the population is heterogeneous, consisting of a high percentage of defectors, a smaller one of cooperators, and a large group that shares features of the conditional cooperators of public goods games.
Also for higher cost values the instable fix points move closer to the stable fix points, which means that the invasion of cooperators in a population of defectors becomes harder, while the invasion of defectors into a cooperative population becomes more likely.
The syntaxes and semantics of each meta and relational cooperators of RTPA may be referred to [47, 48].
Wang et al. identified GATA2 and Oct1 as cooperators of AR in mediating the androgen response in LNCaP cells [12].
With this method it was enough to calculate the proportion of cooperators as the average ratio of cooperators of the last 10 rounds of the game (if not otherwise stated) for 100 independent runs.
