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In order to provide illustrative measures, we compare the energy consumption using cooperative communication between MTs on SR links to the energy consumption without cooperation (i.e. using direct LR to BS/AP).
The conclusions are summarized in Section 5. Figure 1 presents a system model of cooperative communication between primary and secondary networks.
Using the law of total probability, the average SER of the cooperative communication between the primary and secondary networks is given as SER ¯ cc = 1 − SER ¯ PT-ST SER ¯ PT-PR MRC + SER ¯ PT-ST SER ¯ PT-PR (36).
Finally, based on the operation principle of cooperative communication between primary and secondary networks, the outage probability of the primary network is a combination of the outage probabilities, which are obtained in (17), (21), and (23) as P cc out = 1 − P PT-ST out P PT-PR MRC + P PT-ST out P PT-PR out (24).
We assume that each node has a single antenna and the same transmit power P and that all nodes suffer the zero-mean additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) with the same variance N0. Figure 1 System model of cooperative communication between primary and secondary networks.
The cooperative communication between all the nodes (depicted in Figure 1 for N = 4) is performed over a total of 2N time slots and is split into two phases (N time slots each): (a) the broadcasting phase (BP) and (b) the cooperation phase (CP).
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In a cooperative communication system, the communication between source and destination is modelled in two phases.
In cooperative communication systems, the information transmission between the two communicating nodes is accomplished with the help of an intermediate relay.
In a distributed cooperative communication system, as the distances between different relay nodes and the receiving nodes may be different, so the performances of distributed space time codes at receiving nodes may badly be degraded if timing synchronization is not assured.
For cooperative communication, devices cooperative information for each other achieve end-to-end communication between any source and destination device [12 16].
The communication link between nodes can be maintained using cooperative communication techniques where nodes collaborate with one another to increase the network performance.
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