Sentence examples for cooled closed from inspiring English sources
Field cooled (closed symbols) and zero field cooled (open symbols) magnetization of Pr0.67Ca0.33MnO3 nanoparticles as a function of temperature, measured in the field ranges from 100 Oe to 60 kOe[57].
optomechanical cooling close to the ground state was demonstrated for various architectures [14 16].
Optomechanical cooling close to the quantum ground state has been demonstrated for a variety of architectures [14 16] and seems to be within reach for optically trapped particles [9].
Given this cavity geometry, we require a minimum finesse of (3times10^{4}) to achieve cooling close to the quantum ground state and to achieve high enough intra-cavity power and a longitudinal mechanical frequency on the order of (omega_{m,L} = 10^{5}mbox{ rad/s}).
The first stage (at least, after the atoms have been cooled close to absolute zero by more traditional methods) involves an optical "trap"—a set of lasers emitting frequencies of light that slow the atoms down.
Together with Wang's group, scientists at Birmingham, the Rutherford-Appleton Laborathey aNational Physical Laboratoryoralong, along with German researchers, have proposed building a probe that would use caesium or rubidium atoms, cooled close to absolute zero, to test the effect of gravity at the sub-atomic level and, they hope, provide data that could reconcile relativity and quantum theory.
Sodium atoms were evaporatively cooled close to the onset of Bose-Einstein condensation and then suddenly quenched to below the transition temperature.
When helium is cooled close to absolute zero, it becomes a liquid with no viscosity at all, as dictated by the laws of quantum physics.
For these reasons, it is paramount that the motion of the trapped particle is cooled close to the ground state of motion along the cavity axis.
A prerequisite of MAQRO is that the motion of the trapped particle can be cooled close to the quantum ground state.
Leave the cooler closed during your trip so that the ice does not melt.
