This increase in autophagy could be physiologic, converting damaged or dysfunctional proteins, lipids, and/or organelles to their amino acid and fatty acid components for recycling.
Hence, the efficiency of converting damaged material into new material should be higher than the efficiency of converting a single type of monomer, the growth substrate glucose, into all monomers required [ 58].
1162 1189) issued an imperial order to the Nanjing official Guo Gang (who desired to convert damaged paddle wheel craft into junk ships and galleys) not to limit the number of paddle wheel craft in the navy's dockyards, since he had high esteem for the fast assault craft that won the Chinese victory at Caishi.
Repair had two effects on growth yield: it converted damaged into active biomass with some loss of mass, therefore reducing yield, but it enabled more cells to grow sufficiently fast to remain in the system despite dilution.
Structured risk modeling framework consists of event definition/occurrence, hazards created by the event, exposure to the hazards, vulnerability of the exposure units to the hazards, quantification of the damage, and monetization (converting the damage into monetary effects) of the loss.
The illustration of converting the damage probability of each building unit into the damage probability of building block can be seen in the Fig. 7.
Some use a power law rule to convert the damage from one load level to another.
Misinterpretation of data obtained with mec1 or tel1 mutants and analysis of sensitivity to genotoxic agents can be explained by the ability of yeast tel1 mutants to rapidly convert DNA damage into substrates that preferentially activate the Mec1 kinase.
Importantly, it has been shown that in mammal cells the JNK cascade converts damaging stress stimuli in a sensitive switch-like response.
This paper presents a novel approach to estimate the interior building damage caused by hurricanes by simulating the co-occurrence of wind, rain and envelope damage and by converting ingressed water into interior damage.
