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Mapped 5′ TSS read coverage data were converted to read head (RH) frequencies.
Mapped reads were converted to read counts per gene using BEDtools [ 56], which were then analyzed using DESeq standard protocol for conditions with no replicate [ 16].
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The number of reads per Arabidopsis coding sequence were converted to reads per million in order to normalize across samples.
Coverage values were calculated for each position on the genome, normalized and converted to reads per million (r.p.m).
The read counts were converted to reads per kilo base of exons per million reads mapped (RPKM) to normalize the measurement across samples.
To analyze stress-responsive, differentially expressed genes in Coilia nasus, the number of reads for each of the contigs from the two samples was converted to reads per kilo base per million (RPKM) [ 19].
Separately, the transcript levels from the RNA-Seq data for each of the four target genes were converted to reads per kilobase of exon model per million mapped reads (RPKM; [ 34]).
Based on the Trinity assembly results, the number of reads for each contig from each sample (control, defoliation, and grazing) was converted to reads per kilobase per million (RPKM) [ 83].
Patients read aloud from a 66-item list of medical terms arranged in increasing difficulty and the measure is scored as a count of correctly pronounced words with a raw sore that can be converted to reading grade estimates.
The output of each algorithm is a list of integer-valued flowgrams, which we converted to reads and aligned to the reference with bowtie2 (Langmead and Salzberg, 2012) using default parameters.
The mRNAseq data of A. subglobosum obtained as the mean of 6 biological replicates, excluding contaminating rRNA sequences, were converted to reads per kilobase per million as in the case of D. discoideum.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com