Final counts were converted to proportions in order to accommodate unequal numbers of histological slices.
To represent the variation among matings within classes, germination counts were converted to proportions and standard errors were calculated.
Variables obtained as raw counts of the answers to questions were converted to proportions by dividing by the number of people answering the question.
Because the score for each discourse sample was based on a different maximum, genre features were converted to proportions so they could be compared across tasks.
To express results relative to the control gene, the following formula was used: A ref TO − CF / A x TO − CF. Expression levels were converted to proportions before calculating geometric means of the replicates.
Dentin reactions were summed separately as detected from each of the six techniques tested and converted to proportions in relation to the number of sites detected by the technique that yielded the highest number (this later ascribed as the "temporary gold standard").
Estimated prevalence counts were converted to proportions of the population by using the mid-year ONS population estimates for 2007; these were the most recently available estimates and likely to be only slightly lower than the actual population at the end of 2008 (ONS, 2008a).
For the proportional index, this difference was converted to a proportion of total country area to standardize among countries.
The hydrogen data is converted to the proportion of the non-aqueous component, to avoid misleading inferences from variations in the abundance of aqueous fluid inclusions, which dominate the entrained fluid.
When a disease count is converted to a proportion (e.g. prevalence rate) based on a background denominator value (e.g. the population in a spatial unit), the uncertainty of that proportion can be highly sensitive to the magnitude of the denominator.
