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Taken together, our data indicate that our selected shRNAs can be converted to potent siRNAs and exert a high inhibitory effect on wt HIV-1 infections, when stably expressed, both without any detectable cytotoxicity.
In addition to being converted to potent inflammatory lipid mediators, which may independently contribute to the increased atherosclerosis of smLRP−/− mice by promoting macrophage recruitment, arachidonic acid is itself a key regulator of cellular signaling.
The primary hormone product is Thyroxine (T4) but it is converted to potent triiodothyronine (T3) in target tissues [ 30].
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Vitamin D is hydroxylated to 25(OH D in the liver and is then converted to a potent biological metabolite (1,25(OH)2D) by the enzyme 1 α-hydroxylase [ 69].
Aromatase catalyses the conversion of androstenedione to estrone, which is further converted to the potent oestrogen E2 by the enzyme 17 β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1.
The inactive E1, synthesized by both STS and aromatase, is converted to the potent E2 by the action of reductive 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17β-HSDs) [ 8- 10].
DHEAS are androgen precursors secreted primarily by the adrenal cortex, which in peripheral tissues are converted to more potent androgens such as testosterone and oestrogens.
(1) One of these was diethylamine, whose reaction with NO produced a white powder of formula 1 that, on standing exposed to air overnight, was converted to the potent carcinogen N-nitrosodiethylamine (2) (eq 1).
Some testosterone is converted to the more potent androgen, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), by 5α-reductase [ 31].
It cleaves heme into CO, ferrous iron and biliverdin, which is subsequently converted to bilirubin, a potent anti-oxidant.
When gingerol is dehydrated, it is converted to a more potent compound, shogaol (EC50 = 0.2 μM; 160 000 Scoville units).
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