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If the gene was down-regulated, we directly converted the p value into a Z score to produce negative Z values.
We extracted the p-value p m for each expressed gene m in the microarray data and then converted the p m into a z-score by Formula 1. (1) where Φ-1 denotes the inverse normal cumulative distribution function.
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Thus 60 U ml−1 of enzyme completely converted the p-chlorophenol (into products) in 4 min in the absence of PEG.
We converted the p-values available for each SNP marker to gene level significance values using the Versatile Gene-based Association Study [ 27] website (VEGAS).
We have further converted the p-value (as calculated by Equation (5) in the Methods section) from TF identification to a score, which is the inverse cumulative distribution function (ICDF) of the corresponding p-value under standard normal distribution.
The algorithm developed by Patil et al. (2005) [ 36] converted the p-values to Z scores of the protein nodes by using the inverse normal cumulative distribution (θ-1), calculated then a combined score Zs of the protein node Z scores for a connected subnetwork s, and corrected the Zs score for the background distribution.
Furthermore the optical effect of converting the Pd cap-layer to Pd–H was determined.
A belt-and-pulley mechanism converts the P-Gear rotation to linear motion.
Upon evaluating Eq. (1), the densities were calculated by converting the P-wave velocities (Matsubara et al., 2008) using an empirical relation by Christensen and Mooney (1995).
The normal cumulative distribution function was used to convert the p-values to a Z-score.
The normal commutative distribution was used to convert the p-values to a Z-score for further calculations.
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