To gain an understanding of the magnitude of treatment effects, statistical data from each study were converted into individual effect sizes (Hedges' g) using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version 2 software program (http://www.meta-analysis.com).
The old Arthur Levitt State Office Building at Broadway and Chambers Street, where for seven decades state legislators and agencies hung their New York City hats -- and hundreds of aspiring real estate brokers took their state licensing exams -- is being converted into, in effect, three buildings stacked one atop another.
When a QTL is significant, QTL genotypic effects (w1 and w2) at the peak location are converted into allelic effects using a multiplication with genotypic and allelic IBD matrices.
Coefficients have been converted into marginal effects.
It depicts the calculations by Herrnstein and Murray (1994) of the broader social consequences of a population IQ increase of 3%, which was converted into the effects of a corresponding decrease in IQ by Weiss and Bellinger (2006).
To calculate the relative effect, the BC-PC1 absolute effect value was converted into an All-PC1 effect value using the following linear model: All-PC1 effect = 1.143 * BC-PC1 effect − 0.62 (formula of the correlation slope between BC-PC1 and All-PC1); the parental difference was calculated as the difference in means of All-PC1.
In a meta-analysis, the effects found in the primary studies are converted into a standardized effect size, which is no longer placed on the original measurement scale, and can therefore be compared with measures from other scales.
Significantly, the interaction between the target species and nanomaterial with suitable functionality is designed to produce a physicochemical perturbation on the chemosensor that can be converted into a measurable effect, such as an optical or electrical signal.
It might one day look, in retrospect, like a form of social automation: continuously updating intelligence assessments converted into real-world effect by volunteer foot "soldiers" acting without orders.
Published results were first converted into a common effect size measure: the standardized mean difference which is defined as the mean difference divided by the corresponding standard deviation [ 18].
