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We need to get rid of arrangements like "carried interest" that enable income from labor to be magically converted into capital gains.
On the other hand, it is argued that preferential treatment results in distorted patterns of investment because regular income is converted into capital gains in order to avoid paying tax.
This paper considers a model in which extracted resources can be converted into capital which may either be consumed or stored to provide for consumption later on.
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This essentially is the reason behind the MB's success in the first parliamentary elections after Mubarak: in an election where no political party was really known, social capital was easily converted into political capital.
Bourdieu maintains that children inherit capitals held by their parents and associated habitus, such that while a child may inherit economic capital, they may equally acquire the family's cultural capital (1996), which can be converted into economic capital.
Even though the country thrives on its private banking system, biotechs (and startups in general) are having a hard time tapping into Series A and B funding as the excess capital generated isn't effectively converted into risk capital.
For instance, if losses mount and the bank's capital ratios fall, the securities can be converted into equity capital.
The new skills and knowledge (embodied cultural capital) held by the PLD officials can be regarded as an informal academic or educational qualification [4], p. 242] that can be converted into economic capital in the form of salary.
Investing in social relationships is a way of building up social resources, which represent a powerful instrument – along with financial resources – to be converted into human capital (Coleman, 1988).
Detailed questions about cocos – contingent convertible debt that converts into regulatory capital in times of crisis and the new idea for helping avoid taxpayers having to step in.
The financial statements show that at least $1 billion in accumulated fees that otherwise would have been taxed as ordinary income for Bain executives had been converted into investments producing capital gains, which are subject to a federal tax of 15 percent, versus a top rate of 35 percent for ordinary income.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com