Thus, the applied water pressure is converted into voltage by displacement.
In our model, the 8-bit images are converted into voltage signal on a 1.8 V dynamic range.
The current signal is converted into voltage signal by a transimpedance amplifier (TIA) whose gain is RF.
The electrical properties of the biosensors are converted into voltage, frequency, or phase using various interface or readout circuit techniques.
The gas concentration is converted into voltage by the piezo resistors which are connected in the form of Wheatstone bridge.
Furthermore, the variation of light intensity is converted into voltage level by using a signal processing circuit (SPC) and calibrated with measured fuel level.
Specifically, current flow from the electrode tip was measured over a total cable length of 6 m and converted into voltage at the input stage of the amplifier, with all circuitry located outside the magnetic field.
Pressure exerted on the carbon-fiber plate during contraction produced changes in the length of the optical cavity of the transducer which were detected and converted into voltages by a spectrometer (Luna Innovations Inc., Roanoke, VA), recorded using an indigenously-built LabVIEW module (NI LabVIEW 2011, National Instruments Corporation, Austin, TX, USA) and stored on a laptop computer.
In Fig. 1, the casing and tool are grounded and the electrodes are held at an electric potential of ±V 0. Capacitance values between the electrodes and casing are converted into a voltage signal through a capacitance-to-voltage converter circuit.
A transmitter in the device sends those readings to a unit that is linked to the braking and other control systems.The accelerometers in the Cyber Tyre contain two tiny structures, the distance between which changes during acceleration, altering the electrical capacitance of the device, which is measured and converted into a voltage.
By direct calibration, the resistance changes are converted into electrical voltage and thus real pressure value.
