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In addition, in order to facilitate comparison of cost estimates collected from different studies, an international exchange rate based on purchasing power parities (PPPs) will be used to convert cost estimates into a target currency that is, international dollars and GDP deflators will be used to convert cost estimates into a fixed price year.
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An exchange rate of 16,000 Vietnamese Dong (VND) was used to convert costs to US dollars.
Other proposed algal strains either produced triterpene hydrocarbons that are difficult to convert cost-effectively to usable fuels or grew too slowly to be useful [ 22, 23].
29 Economic evaluations based on multinational trials should convert costs into a common currency by using purchasing power parity adjustments.
Further, to aid cross-country comparability, PPP exchange rates were used to convert costs expressed in local currency units to dollars.
The average South African Rand to United States Dollar (US$) exchange rate in April 2007 (R7.14 to US$1) was used to convert costs to US$ equivalents [ 19].
To aid in cross-country comparability Purchasing Power Parity PPPP) exchange rates were used to convert costs expressed in year 2000 local currency units to year 2000 international dollars (I$) [ 27].
The exchange rate of European Central Bank on July 4th 2008 was used to convert costs in New Turkish Liras to Euros.
To minimise these effects, we will convert costs and benefits obtained in different years to a base year: the year with the most recently published price levels.
Remme 2006 converted cost estimates to US dollars 2000. Seboka 1996 and Ravi 2004 measured the primary outcome in natural units, which does not require valuation of benefits in money terms.
If the price year was not reported in the article, the year before publication was used when converting cost data.
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