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Aberrant activation of WNT signaling has been detected in TNBC, which might be important for triggering oncogenic conversion of breast epithelial cell.
In this study, we observed that, in breast cancer cell lines and clinical tumor specimens, δEF1 was expressed at a higher level in ER- cells compared to ER+ cells, indicating that δEF1 might contribute to the malignant conversion of breast cancer cells towards invasive and metastatic phenotypes.
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A possible explanation of our findings, in addition to adipose tissue having a potential protective effect per se, is that the dense area and the nondense area on a mammogram reflect the extent of conversion of the breast tissue into either dense tissue that is associated with breast cancer risk or nondense tissue that is not.
During conversion of epithelial breast cancer cells to a mesenchymal phenotype and loss of apical-basolateral polarity, the tumor cells acquire morphological features and stem cell-like characteristics as compared to MSC [ 106] and may therefore resemble breast cancer stem cells.
Two large clinical trials demonstrated that letrozole and anastrozole achieved higher rates of clinical response and conversion to breast conservation than did tamoxifen in large primary tumours; both AIs were more effective than tamoxifen against HER-2 positive cancers.
Inappropriate reactivation of EMT is implicated in the conversion of early stage breast tumors into invasive malignancies.
These MMPs may therefore play a critical role in the conversion of in situ breast cancers to invasive lesions.
The SRB assay and the conversion of MTT by breast cells were used as an indicator of cell number as described previously.
The current conversion of the Dutch breast screening programme from analogue to digital screening and the simultaneous introduction of screening BI-RADS categories may lower the threshold for referral (American College of Radiology, 2003; Pisano et al, 2005).
It is also known that the fat tissue produces estrogens by the conversion of androgens and increases breast cancer risk [ 24- 27].
This review showed variations in the conversion factors used in the estimation of breast dose (to account for X-ray spectrum characteristics and breast composition) amongst the guidance documents.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com