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Meanwhile, both reducing particle size and addition of caustic soda are able to significantly improve the conversion effect (Rowson and Rice 1990a; Waanders et al. 2009).
We did not consider the mode conversion effect and polarization sense of Pc1 waves during their propagation through the ionospheric duct.
To inspect the photothermal conversion effect of the nanoheaters, Er3+/Yb3+ codoped NaY(MoO4 2 nanorods are prepared via the same synthesis route.
The physical mechanism of the ultra-broadband linear polarization conversion effect is illustrated by simulated surface current distributions of the structure.
Whereas, the conversion effect is not obvious if the irradiation time exceeds a certain period due largely to the fact that the products of pyrrhotite tend to convert to troilite as irradiation time increases.
In order to examine the photothermal conversion effect of the nanoheater in liquid media, the PVP (polyvinyl pyrrolidone) solution is used for accommodating the nanoheaters, and effective photothermal conversion is observed.
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The proposed technique utilizes Lamb mode conversion effects caused by the presence of crack damage in plate structures.
Distinctions need also to be made between conversion effects (i.e. recoding into the format of another modality) and convergence effects (i.e. recoding in a common amodal format) and between short-term and long-term effects.
To test these conversion effects of the proposed system, the petroleum sector is chosen as the research field and the mutual conversion of a map in practical work among the three mapping standards (i.e. the Chinese Petroleum, Shell and USGS standards) governing this field is taken as a case study.
Aspects discussed include metabolism and various mechanisms for PHA production by mixed cultures; kinetics of PHA accumulation and conversion; effects of carbon source and temperature on PHA production using mixed cultures; PHA production process design; and characteristics of PHA produced by mixed cultures.
Several environmental organizations welcomed the inclusion of ILUC but criticized the consideration of a 100-year payback scenario, arguing that it underestimated land conversion effects.
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