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As a result all rays will be converged to a predetermined point with a special convergent angle.
Nozzles of different convergent ratio (ratio of outlet to inlet diameter of nozzle) by changing the convergent angle and height were tested.
As mentioned above, we first calculate the convergent angle of the incoming light and then the groove angles are determined accordingly.
As it is shown in Table 1, θ is calculated for each groove based on the convergent angle of that groove for orthogonal incident ray.
To reduce their adverse effects on the over-reading of the wet gas flow, it was suggested that the classical Venturi tube should extend the length of the throat and decrease the convergent angle.
In this paper, a series of experiments were carried out and the geometry parameters of the venturi tube, including the convergent angle, the throat diameter, the throat length and the diffuser angle were varied at constant flow conditions to evaluate their effect on the conveying properties and on the pressure reduction effects in the flow of gas solid mixtures through the venturi tube.
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Then using Snell's law and simple trigonometry we find these refraction and convergent angles.
The proposed model works by calculating the groove angles of Fresnel lens based on the refraction and convergent angles of the orthogonal incident ray.
The grooves of this lens are calculated according to the refraction and convergent angles of the light easy for perpendicular incidence angle.
To design the proposed semi-Fresnel lens, we used the simple trigonometry to determine the refraction and convergent angles of orthogonal incident ray.
Between the surface and the highly damaged region, the local distribution of strains was determined using large angle convergent beam electron diffraction.
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