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A version which added controls for ethnicity was also estimated.
To reduce the risk for population stratification, we (1) adjusted for ethnicity in the case-control analyses; (2) used unaffected siblings as controls; (3) matched the unrelated controls for ethnicity; and (4) used additional family-based analyses which confirmed results of the case-control analyses.
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Since there are systematic differences in fertility across ethnic groups, we control for ethnicity in all models.
Most of these articles (76.7percentt) either stratified by or controlled for ethnicity; however, a few (23.3percentt) pooled ethnic groups together or did not provide clear information on how data from different ethnic groups were analyzed.
After controlling for ethnicity, these figures become 0.16 and 0.10 respectively.
However, after controlling for ethnicity, although still negative and fairly large, it becomes insignificant (p-value increases to 0.188).
Controlling for ethnicity produces smaller Ontario shares than did the previous two counterfactuals, moving it closer to actual interprovincial migrant locations.
Before controlling for ethnicity, this figure is 0.15 for a native and 0.07 for an immigrant, so that natives are twice as likely to commit a property crime.
Specification (3) shows that after controlling for ethnicity, the effect of immigration status becomes only slightly smaller, as being white only has a slight positive but insignificant impact on the crime process11.
4) Did the study control for ethnicity?
Studies which controlled for ethnicity were deemed higher quality than those that did not.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com