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"We do not incentivize positive star ratings, attempt to influence the content of reviews, or even require a review to be written," explains Chee Chew, VP, Customer Experience at Amazon in an announcement about how Vine controls for bias.
Study quality was assessed by considering controls for bias, confounding, and chance within each study as suggested by the MOOSE group for meta-analysis of observational studies [ 30].
Accurate normalisation of gene expression measures is a crucial process that controls for bias based on extraction yield, RT yield and amplification efficiency.
Third, the methodology of the papers reviewed does not provide controls for bias confounding or chance; articles were mainly descriptive in nature.
Second, students are kept blind to the sex and treatment of the birds while they are making measurements of the song system, and we explain to students that this controls for bias.
The second 'pseudo-event shuffle' controls for bias towards particular locations, by constructing artificial candidate events generated by replacing each PDF in a candidate event with a PDF drawn at random from the complete set of candidate events in each session.
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We used FSTAT (Goudet 2002) to estimate allelic richness (AR), which controls for biases in allelic diversity arising from unequal sample sizes (Leberg 2002).
Randomized controlled trial (RCT) designs are standardized to control for bias and allow for replication.
Pearson's χ2-test was used, and the efficacy of students was analysed to control for bias.
During the statistical work-up, the 'liberal migraine diary group' and the 'strict migraine diary group' were compared to control for bias.
This approach is called the multiple-indicator-multiple-indicator cause (MIMIC) (Kaplan 2000) and is very similar to regression analysis but in the CFA framework measurement errors are controlled for bias using latent constructs (Mayer et al. 2014).
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com