By controlling for individual and environmental influences on weight, such as income and health, they then measure whether food-price changes affect body-mass index (BMI).
This indicates that controlling for individual differences eliminated the positive effects of diversity.
The effect becomes insignificant after controlling for individual characteristics in model 3.
Results held when controlling for individual differences in mate value and sociosexual orientation.
Our results confirm the existence of an exporter wage premium after controlling for individual characteristics of workers.
In the last specification we analyze the contribution of all observable school characteristics after controlling for individual characteristics.
Second, the findings that indicate a positive effect of diversity tend to disappear after controlling for individual fixed effects.
Without controlling for individual characteristics, estimated returns to ICT skills are at 27%, significant at the 11% level [column (3)].
Second, it would be interesting to include direct measures of the outside wage rather than controlling for individual characteristics.
Finally, we analyze the robustness of the estimated school contribution to the achievement gap to controlling for individual characteristics.
This trend was also observed after controlling for individual and household characteristics and in sibling fixed effects models.
