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When controlling for characteristics, column two shows the immigrant premium is eliminated and immigrants appear to earn 4% less than natives.
In line with the earlier literature, which used similar specifications, we find that the first generation still seems less satisfied than the natives, even controlling for characteristics such as education and employment.
The higher fertility for migrants remains even after controlling for characteristics that differ from non-migrants, suggesting that even though migrants systematically differ from non-migrants with regard to age and marital status, differences in fertility are not explained by differences in background characteristics.
After controlling for characteristics in the pre-rollout year, Stapleton et al. (2008) measured impacts as the difference in outcomes between TTW-eligible beneficiaries living in states where TTW had been implemented and eligible beneficiaries who were living in states where the program had not yet been implemented.
Logistic regression analysis was used to compare restraint use post-intervention, controlling for characteristics of residents.
The associations between high school dropout and long-term sickness or disability attenuated, but remained strong when controlling for characteristics shared by the family.
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When researchers controlled for characteristics associated with delaying sexual intercourse, they found that those who had taken chastity pledges delayed sex about 18 months longer than virgins who had never taken a pledge.
Much of the information comes from large epidemiological studies, many in Europe, that link patient databases; the analyses often cannot weed out or control for characteristics other than drugs that may be affecting the pregnancies.
The considerations in designing this study were to use either design-based or analysis-based methods to control for characteristics that differed at baseline between treatment groups.
It controls for characteristics that change over time, such as confounding variables other than gender.
In the last specification we analyze the contribution of all observable school characteristics after controlling for individual characteristics.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com