6 13 Although their comparative efficacy has been increasingly evaluated in various clinical trials, 7 9 11 12 it should be emphasised that patients enrolled in these trials were likely quite motivated, as they were consenting to intense monitoring in a structured research programme, and likely adhered to, or were controlled for adherence, with clinical recommendations.
Even when controlled for adherence to ART, outcomes for PWUD may be poorer compared to non-users [ 3].
Effectiveness is the appropriate term as researchers tested interventions in real schools, but did not always control for adherence or attendance.
When CGI-S scores and family history of social anxiety were controlled for, adherence and treatment credibility had no significant predictive value in explaining individual differences in the long-term rate of change.
Previous data has directly linked food insecurity with incomplete HIV RNA suppression and mortality even when controlling for effects of adherence [40], [41].
The glycaemic response to metformin is highly variable, even after controlling for differences in adherence to medication.
Controlling for self-reported adherence in these analyses attenuated the effect of heavy drinking, providing evidence for the causal chain between alcohol and HIV outcomes via ART adherence.
After controlling for potential confounders, adherence to AHEI was associated with increased odds of MetS reversion over the 5-year follow-up (Table 1).
After controlling for potential confounders, adherence to AHEI was associated with MetS reversion (odds ratio 1.88 [95% CI 1.04 3.41]), predominantly in participants with central obesity and in those with high triglyceride.
In this study, African-Americans tended to use more ED services in less-urgent situations than other patients after controlling for insurance coverage, adherence and management of A1c levels.
