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A study among university students from Ghana showed that the frequency of use of controlling behaviours and victimization/perpetration amongst men and women (e.g. control the other's money) were similar, and controlling behaviours were seen to be associated with IPV [ 20].
A recent study with university students from Ghana showed that the frequency of use of controlling behaviours and victimization/perpetration amongst men and women (e.g. control the other's money) were similar, and that controlling behaviours were a "predictor" of IPV [ 19].
These are among the brain's most primitive parts and are important in controlling behaviours such as the fight-or-flight response and other responses that keep us alive in dangerous situations.
Detailed bivariate data on controlling behaviours are not presented here.
It was further dichotomized into two options: no controlling behaviours or one to seven behaviours.
The questionnaire contained items on violent acts, controlling behaviours and additional socio-demographic and psychosocial variables.
Men's controlling behaviours towards their main partners attempted to limit women's autonomy.
Surprisingly many men (37%) and women (41%) also reported exposure to controlling behaviours.
Cronbach α's for women being controlled and using controlling behaviours were 0.93 and 0.91, respectively.
Controlling behaviours over partners were positively associated with exposure to psychological aggression/sexual coercion.
Few studies have addressed the association between controlling behaviours and women's exposure to IPV in Sub-Saharan Africa, and only one study has examined the connection between controlling behaviours and victimization/perpetration among both sexes [ 19].
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