So the reaction fluxes are explicitly regulated by the coupled energy controller ratios CP1/CP2 and/or CR1/CR2 (if coupled).
The metabolic reaction fluxes in the subcellular cytosolic and mitochondrial domains are expressed in terms of a general phenomenological Michaelis-Menten equation with the coupled controller factors involving the compartmentalized [ATP]/[ADP] and [NADH]/[NAD+] energy controller ratios.
The metabolic reaction fluxes in the cytosolic and mitochondrial domains are represented by a general phenomenological Michaelis-Menten equation involving the compartmentalized ATP/ADP and NADH/NAD+ energy controller ratios.
The reaction fluxes in cytosol and mitochondria are expressed in terms of a general phenomenological Michaelis-Menten equation involving the compartmentalized energy controller ratios ATP/ADP and NADH/NAD+.
The flux expressions for all the lumped metabolic reactions in the subcellular compartments of cytosol and mitochondria can be rewritten from our previous model of skeletal muscle metabolism [1] in terms of the compartmentalized metabolites concentrations and energy controller ratios ATP/ADP and NADH/NAD+.
Although extensive literature have been published on various aspects of distillation control, viz., level controller tuning, ratioing manipulated variables and turndown operation, there is no comprehensive study on control evaluation considering all aspects and rigorous simulation.
Effect of level controller tuning, ratioing the manipulated variable and turndown operation on the performance of several control structures to reject step disturbances in feed flow rate and composition, and sinusoidal disturbance in feed composition, is studied.
The results of a mill trial indicate that both controllers, when implemented as ratio controllers, give excellent disturbance rejection for production rate changes, keeping the consistency within 0.1% of target.
For easy understanding and tuning, all the controllers in the ratio control system are designed analytically.
To examine the feasibilities of the proposed development environment, a model-based air-to-fuel ratio controller based on a sliding mode control scheme is implemented as a practical example.
The resulting control scheme resembles industrial type components: a linear PI cascade temperature controller, and a ratio inventory-based feedforward concentration controller.
