In a continuous spring maize system in Northeast China, the accumulation and succession characteristics of nitrate in Mollisol with four fertilization treatments, including no fertilization (CK), farmers' conventional fertilization (FC), recommendation fertilization (RF), and controlled release fertilizer application (CRF), were compared over a 6-year field plot trial.
Controlled release fertilizer, as a new single fertilization, not only minimized labor costs in farming systems [21], maintained the levels of nutrients over a relatively longer period, and increased nitrogen use efficiency [7], but also significantly reduced the nitrate accumulation when compared with the traditional fertilizer (Urea).
Furthermore, controlled release fertilizer technologies, by regulating the time of N release from fertilizers, has the potential to reduce leaching losses of nitrate in soil [14, 27, 30, 31].
Recommendation fertilizer rate (RF) and controlled release fertilizer (CRF) could decrease nitrate nitrogen in the 0 90 cm soil layer on average by 16.6 and 39.5 %, respectively, compared with the farmer conventional fertilizer (FC).
For phenotypic analysis, plants were grown in 32-well flats containing Co-Co Mix soil mixture consisting of compacted coconut fibre/peat moss/vermiculite (1/3/3, v/v /v) and 15-9-12 "Osmocontrolled contreleaserelease fertilizer (Scotts Company LLC).
Furthermore, by reducing both the long-term fertilizer rate and controlled release fertilizer, the effect of fertilizer control was remarkable.
The company makes controlled release fertilizers, which are less harmful to the environment than traditional fertilizers.
Fig. 1 N accumulative release curve of control release fertilizer Table 1 Fertilizer rate and fertilization information of different treatments Treatment N (kg/ha) P2O5 (kg/ha) K2O (kg/ha) Fertilization CK 0 70 60 Basal fertilization FC 250 70 60 Splitting fertilization RF 210 70 60 Splitting fertilization CRF 156 70 60 Single fertilization.
There will be enhanced use of precision farming and other advanced technologies, for example sophisticated plant breeding and controlled release of mineral fertilizers.
The release mechanism of gel-based controlled release fertilizers (CRFs) involves water penetration into dry mixtures of fertilizers and gel forming polymers.
We applied a total of 8 g m−2 of nitrogen (N) fertilizer: 2 g m−2 as urea, 4 g m−2 as one controlled-release fertilizer (type LP100), and 2 g m−2 as another controlled-release urea (type LP140, JCAM Agri. Co., Tokyo, Japan).
