Firstly, it is difficult to 'match' groups, even when one tries to control gender, ethnicity, and geography.
In each case card-position was performed by two participants (one male and one female) to control gender differences.
That, plus the fact that most scientists are men, may have led to some lazy thinking about which hormone is more likely to control gender-related behaviour.
Age and gender were controlled; female gender was associated with higher BDI-21 scores, while age showed no significant effect.
However, some predictors (e.g. emotional expressivity) showed significant differences for gender, so analysis controlled for gender when this applied.
And finally, we also controlled for gender and age.
Specifically, the multivariable model controlled for gender, size of residential area, educational level, and sleep quality (PSQI score >5).
Again, all of these models controlled for gender, age, whole-brain volume, and parental education.
In the combined analysis of the two cohorts, we additionally controlled for gender.
The model controlled for gender and age.
All analyses were controlled for gender.
