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Finally, the digital watermark is embedded into host color image by modifying the low frequency NSCT coefficients, in which the HVS masking is used to control the watermark embedding strength.
where α is the global gain factor to control the watermark strength.
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Following the fundamental design principles of fuzzy inference systems [36], there is a need to define the moments' parameters that describe their qualitative and quantitative characteristics and control the watermarking performance, in terms of fuzzy logic.
The parameter controls the watermark strength.
The constant that controls the watermark strength is, and the integer part is denoted by " ", while are watermark bits taken from.
Finally, it describes several ways a perceptual model can be incorporated into a watermarking system to control the perceptibility of watermarks.
is a gain factor used to control the strength of the watermark by amplifying or attenuating the watermark effect on each DCT coefficient, so that the watermark energy is maximized while the alterations suffered by the image are kept invisible. .
Check 'Include watermark' in the 'Watermark' section.
Besides the insusceptibility to probable perturbation, employing the mean value as the embedding target makes it fairly easy to control the signal-to-watermark ratio, while using mean modulation for binary embedding.
In addition, differential evolution (DE) is applied to design the quantization steps (QSs) optimally for controlling the strength of the watermark.
Two schemes for embedding and controlling the transparency of the watermark are presented, namely the implicit and the explicit schemes.
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