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Although the principle of patents is to make knowledge more accessible by giving patent holders greater control over the knowledge they claim as their own, there are repeated cases where this is not the outcome, as mentioned earlier.
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For example, Vallas (2001) observed engineers in paper mills parlay claims of scientific authority into an extension of control over the technical knowledge of mill operators.
In problem-based learning, the cognitive objectives are all previously established, while in "problematization", total control over the resultant knowledge does not exist.
So IPR protection at best secures temporary control over the diffusion of knowledge; and this IPR protection is also getting ever more fragile because it is increasingly hard and costlier to monitor, to enforce and to secure.
(12) Local communities can take more responsibility for sustainable harvest of medicinal plants only if they have the choices afforded by adequate income, control over the resource and the knowledge and skills required.
Sela exposes the various means of force used by Israel to seize/loot Palestinian archives/treasurers, the way Israeli national/colonial archives have become a large reservoir of knowledge and information about the Palestinians, and Israel's control over knowledge and the writing of history.
Going beyond the traditional dualism between professions and organisations/management, professionalism and managerialism are conceptualised as two different modes of governing, one 'internal' and the other 'external', that are concerned with improving the control over professional knowledge.
If governments start to lose control over public knowledge in the information age, it won't be because information "wants to be free". It'll be because of the creation of new ventures like this, that create public knowledge without adhering to the old rules about how government has a voice in deciding what gets published and what doesn't.
Molina claims that God's providential control over the world involves middle knowledge in a crucial way.
The majority of patients and carers interviewed felt that they had very little knowledge of or control over their treatment with little understanding of the underlying cause of the ulcer [ 9, 11].
Comparisons of interactions during the dynamic session at time 1 (prior to the enrichment program) and time 2 (following the enrichment program) provide evidence regarding the extent to which learners have control over their knowledge and performance.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com