Additionally, several studies highlight the role that extrasynaptic neuromodulation plays in regulating behavioral responses, adding another layer to neuromuscular circuit control of behavior (Flavell et al., 2013; Leinwand and Chalasani, 2013).
Neuroethology: The Neural Control of Behavior.
I find it worrisome that "addiction" implies that control of behavior lies within biology and is not the individual's responsibility.
Using neuronavigated TBS, we show that the ilPFC indeed plays a causal role in the goal-directed control of behavior.
Our findings indicate a causal role of the ilPFC in the balance of goal-directed vs. habitual control of behavior.
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is known to be critical for inhibitory control of behavior, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear.
Garavan, H., Ross, T. J., Murphy, K., Roche, R. A. P. & Stein, E. A. Dissociable executive functions in the dynamic control of behavior: inhibition, error detection, and correction.
Van Gaal, S., Lamme, V. A. F., Fahrenfort, J. J. & Ridderinkhof, K. R. Dissociable brain mechanisms underlying the conscious and unconscious control of behavior.
We focused on DNs, as these convey information from the brain to the ventral nerve cord, being therefore good candidates for the control of behavior.
This evidence, however, comes mainly from correlational data and whether the ilPFC is indeed causally involved in the goal-directed vs. habitual control of behavior is unclear.
The relative goal-directed vs. habitual control of behavior was tested in a subsequent 'slips-of-action test' requiring participants to abstain from responding to devalued actions.
