Cohesive strength is an important factor in determining the structure and function of biofilm systems, and cohesive strength plays a key role in our ability to remove or control biofilms in engineered systems.
In this review, we discuss conventional methods and tools used to control oxygen concentration for cell studies, and then highlight recent advances in microfluidic-based approaches for controlling oxygen in engineered platforms.
Insects will become an excellent model for understanding adaptive control in biological systems which will inspire control and communication in engineered systems.
Red, green, and blue light can be used to control gene expression in engineered E. coli.
The control of interfaces in engineered nanostructured materials has met limited success compared with that which has evolved in natural materials, where hierarchical structures with distinct interfacial states are often found.
It is desirable to achieve controlled reaction kinetics in engineered systems, even if the overall behaviors only share similarities at the abstract principle level or are a lot simpler than those seen in biology.
Control of the microarchitecture in engineered tissues can be achieved through photopatterning of cell-laden hydrogels.
