Our objective was to identify endogenous control genes in circulating neutrophils isolated from cows during the peripartum period.
Thus, β-2 microglobulin and 18S rRNA are suitable internal control genes in quantitative serum-stimulation studies, while β-actin and GAPDH are not.
As an example of the kind of meta-analysis that is possible with a large public microarray expression database, we identify genes with very stable expression patterns, suitable as reference or control genes in northern blots, and genes with highly variable expression patterns in 162 Arabidopsis experiments.
Three genes CREBBP, EXT1 and EP300 were used as control genes in each assay.
For comparison, we selected commonly used control genes in the literature: ACTB, GAPDH, HMBS, HPTR1, RPLI3A, SDHA, TBP, and YWHAZ (Table 1).
The ratios of non-synonymous to synonymous substitutions (dN/dS) were significantly elevated in the candidate ligand genes compared to control genes in each of the three clades.
By ChIP, we also found that H3K4me2 was present at DXZ1 alpha satellite DNA, at or below the level found on the control genes in the two hybrids we analyzed (Figs. 2, 8).
Real-time PCR amplification detected the expression of 80/92 (87%) target genes and all four endogenous control genes in both the CLL and the normal control patient cohorts.
This difference is highlighted in Figure 6 which compares the PCR amplification products of OBPs and control genes in both RpL8 (Fig. 6A) and OR7 (Fig. 6B) normalized cDNAs on agarose gels.
The lmo1251 is a PrfA-like putative CRP-FNR (cyclic AMP receptor protein-fumarate and nitrate reduction) family transcriptional regulator and the CRP-FNR families mainly functions as positive transcriptional regulators and are known to control genes in various aspects as sugar and amino acid transport and metabolism and pathogenesis [44].
GAPDH and ACTB were used as single control genes in more then 90% of the cases in high impact journals.[11] Commonly used control genes are historical carryovers and were considered good references for many years in techniques where a qualitative change was being measured, because these genes are expressed at relatively high levels in nearly all cells.
