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Nephrotoxicity rates vary widely, ranging between 0% and 53.5% [2 27], but comparison between studies is hazardous and complicated by a lack of control for risk factors and a case mix of patients with and without renal dysfunction at baseline.
Furthermore, studies need to control for risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease.
Note: to control for risk factors, the number of risk factors per patient were included in the regression model.
The large amount of individual-level data provided by participants allowed researchers to control for risk factors that could possibly confound the analysis.
Control for risk factors subsequent to the risk factor under study would be omitted if these also serve as mediators for the risk factor of interest.
The Iezzoni chronic condition count and the Charlson comorbidity index were developed primarily to control for risk in observational studies of health outcomes and are now used to adjust for illness in public reports of hospital mortality.
Similar(44)
"Controlling for risk is part of what you pay a management fee for," Mr. Lapman said.
Even after controlling for risk factors like age, poverty, smoking, obesity and diabetes, "we really don't have an explanation for what's behind it," Dr. Bukowski said.
Empirical tests support our hypothesis, even after controlling for risk, firm size, time-to-maturity, and industry effects.
According to the basic mean-variance model, rich households should behave as scaled-up version of less wealthy ones if we are controlling for risk aversion.
What is unique about this study is that it demonstrates the value of substance abuse treatment when controlling for risk level of offender (likelihood of recidivating) and examining changes in needs (i.e. family networks, friends, employment, etc).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com