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This study attempted to control for indication bias in three ways: firstly, patients could be identified as being ineligible for each process of care by their clinical team if they were deemed unfit or unable to receive the process of care (for example, a swallow assessment in an unconscious patient).
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We did not find support for the hypothesis that SSRIs increase suicide risk in the elderly, after controlling for indication.
A mechanism to control for disease indication that led to treatment is needed for a study such as this.
We have demonstrated increased risks in a combined population of elective and non elective deliveries after control for induction regardless of indication, as this information is not available.
Controlling for AIDS indication, gender and IDU status, which are supported within the literature as univariate predictors of being treated with HAART [ 18- 20], patients on HAART had significantly lower odds of being readmitted to hospital for AIDS diagnoses.
It should also be noted that participants using GC had a high absolute risk of the CV outcomes and, owing to the lack of direct information on individual patient characteristics, surrogate indices were applied to control for confounding by indication.
In observational studies of antihypertensive treatment, however, the strategy of excluding patients who have additional indications for specific drug treatments is the optimal approach to control for confounding by indication for those factors.
To evaluate the effectiveness of methods that control for confounding by indication, we compared breast cancer recurrence rates among women receiving adjuvant chemotherapy with those who did not.
First we were not able to control for the underlying indication for prescription of opioids.
Design Population based cohort study using within person analyses to control for confounding by indication.
Propensity score matching was used to control for confounding by indication.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com