It has also been reported to control cell membrane protrusion formation after remodeling by collagenase-1 on the leading edge of migratory vascular smooth muscle cell [46], [47].
The COG annotated putative proteins ranged functionally into at least 25 molecular families, including cell cycle control, cell membrane biogenesis, immune defence and signal transduction (Supplementary Fig. S4), in accordance with the categories of GO annotation described above.
In addition to genes controlling cell membrane and cell wall biosynthesis, there are other notable members of the CgrA regulon.
More specifically, introducing holin and lysozome genes that are activated via AHL signals, allows for controlling cell membrane destruction and consequently cell death [ 57].
In C. albicans, Rcn1 (Ipf13909/Orf19.7770) controls cell membrane integrity and azole tolerance, but not pathogenicity, in murine systemic infection and oropharyngeal candidiasis models (Reedy et al. 2009).
In the control tissues, cell membrane expression of CD44 was observed in basal cells of respiratory or metaplastic squamous bronchial epithelium, and regenerating cuboidal pneumocytes of injured lung.
The cytosolic K+ concentration, ranging from 60 to 200 mM, plays a role in such well-characterized functions as electrical compensation of anions, control of cell membrane potential, enzyme activation and long-distance transport of sucrose and nitrate (reviewed in Ahmad and Maathuis 2014; Anschütz et al. 2014; Véry et al. 2014, Zörb et al. 2014).
In HL-60 cells used as positive controls, the cell membrane and cytoplasm stained strongly (3+ reactivity) with the CHO-131 mAb (data not shown).
In contrast, control cells exhibited membrane integrity and normal intracellular organization.
However, the morphology of the cells treated with 1 µM staurosporine as a positive control furthermore displayed cell membrane blebbing, which was not seen after SecTRAP treatment (Fig. 1B).
Potassium and calcium are essential plant nutrients involved in many cell processes such as stomatal control of transpiration, cell membrane, and cell wall stability (Matoh and Kobayashi, 1998; Epstein and Bloom, 2005).
