And yet he chose not to delegate to his Conservative colleagues, instead making a thoughtful speech proposing a graduate tax or "contribution" under which repayments would depend entirely on what graduates earned, easing applicants' fears that their studying might not pay dividends.
The Florida program, likely to be a model for many other states, shifts from Medicaid's traditional "defined benefit" plan to a "defined contribution" plan, under which the state sets a ceiling on spending for each Medicaid recipient.
Around 70% of American retirement schemes are now defined-contribution (DC) plans, under which the final pension amount is dependent on investment performance.
The change would apply both to conventional retirement accounts, under which contributions are tax deductible, and to Roth I.R.A.'s, under which contributions are taxable but withdrawals are tax free.
It advocated a move away from pay-as-you-go financing, under which contributions from workers pay for today's pensions.
From a psychological game-theoretic framework we derive two mutually compatible hypotheses about guilt aversion and reciprocity under which contributions are related to second- and first-order beliefs, respectively.
I would subject campaign contribution limitations to strict scrutiny, under which Missouri's contribution limits are patently unconstitutional.
Their continuing loyalty to their comandante is being eroded by mounting economic distortions and the corruption and incompetence of his government.It was Mr Chávez's good fortune to preside over a massive increase in the oil price (to which he made a modest contribution by cancelling plans under which private investment would have doubled Venezuela's oil output).
It is not clear how nonpartisan elections would affect candidates who participate in the city's campaign finance program, under which many contributions are matched by public funds by a ratio of four to one.
The current system, under which party contributions are capped, has empowered special-interest groups and ideological factions like Heritage Action and Club for Growth, which constantly thwart the leadership of the G.O.P.
