This study presents the contributions of materials, earth engineering machines and construction techniques to potential environmental impacts from the main items of typical road earthworks.
In our study net contributions of materials are similar to that observed in cultures operated with lower stocking densities (14 to 20 ind m−2) and turnover rates of 3 to 5%, TSS: 1591 and POM: 199 kg ha−1 [ 19].
Figure 5 illustrates that significant geographical shifts can be observed on all layers when comparing the years 1995 and 2011, i.e., the contribution of material extractions within the EU was shrinking, while extractions in the non-EU countries gained in importance (compare the aggregated results in Figs. 1 and 2 above).
In summary, these insights on the contribution of material properties towards osteoinductivity and the role of signaling molecules involved in osteoblastic differentiation can potentially aid the design of CPC-based biomaterials that support bone regeneration without the need for additional biochemical supplements.
To our knowledge, no study has assessed the relative contribution of material, behavioural, and psychosocial factors to inequalities in CVD mortality.
Indeed, in both women and men, the contribution of material adversity to allostatic load seemed to be stronger for exposure during later life course periods.
With regard to quality of exposure, the contribution of material adversity seemed to be dependent on social adversity, whereas social adversity was the exposure domain most consistently and independently related to allostatic load.
The development of these technological products required the contributions of mechanical, material, and electrical engineers, orthopedic surgeons, prosthetists and orthotists, allied health professionals, and computer professionals.
The material composition of electricity generation plants is clearly reflected in the contributions of these materials to the overall carbon footprint.
The President acknowledged that early contributions of fissionable materials to such international stocks would be small.
