In a letter seen by the Guardian, the group's chairman, Daniel Van Gelder, said: "It removes an important element of developer contribution to the provision of affordable housing.
In each period, the subjects simultaneously choose whether or not to make an irreversible contribution to the provision of an indivisible public good.
Alan Joyner, executive director of Gallagher Estates, said: "Northstowe will be built to high sustainability standards and will make an important contribution to the provision of market and affordable housing and economic growth in South Cambridgeshire.
A report commissioned by the previous government from DeAnne Julius, an economist, in 2008 concluded that the emergence of a "public service industry", distinct from state providers, had "made a major contribution to the provision of better value for money".
About the absurdities of anti-tax campaigners, he observes that the notion that taxes might "be a contribution to the provision of collective goods that individuals could never afford in isolation (roads, firemen, policemen, schools, lamp posts, post offices, not to mention soldiers, warships, and weapons) is rarely considered". 1 2 Next Page ».
As well as removing an important element of developer contribution to the provision of affordable housing, further eroding the ability of people from a wide range of backgrounds to live in the heart of the capital, our concern is that these changes may result in yet more office space being lost to homes in central London, as it will encourage more office-to-residential conversions.
Contributions to the provision of GPGs, such as the international financial system, eradication of pandemics or environment preservation, are good examples that illustrate the approach of IPE to international development assistance.
We discuss the specific contribution of agroforestry landscapes to the provision of ecosystem services and human well-being.
Such an approach would enable the establishment of context-specific indicators on the basis of culturally informed indicators that give meaning to the contribution of social capital to the provision of basic needs across several universal domains such as water, food, education, security and health in vulnerable urban settings.
Determining whether tax-and-transfer has occurred requires identifying (1) the extent of the benefits enjoyed by different people within a social system (or the costs that they have imposed on others); (2) the costs of providing these benefits or averting imposed costs; and (3) the contribution of each person to the provision of social benefits and compensation for costs imposed.
