At the same time, the issue of fair taxation is becoming more and more pressing, because the number of taxpayers who make an adequate contribution to financing public goods and services is decreasing.
The resolution also calls for contributions to finance the operation, estimated to cost more than $200 million a year, though it is unclear which nations would be willing to pay.
Other super PACs are also using last-minute contributions to finance attack ads in states where they had not been active before.
The service has said that it will not be able to make legally required contributions to finance future retiree health benefits.
Because of the long delays, the special court, which is financed by donor countries including the United States, has faced regular budget shortages, requiring diplomats to request additional contributions to finance the court, as well as Mr. Taylor's defense.
Historically, apart from direct contributions to finance the activities of parish councils and charges for local services, the only source of local revenue was a property tax called rates.
Because of a general downturn in donations to charities across New York City, it is particularly important this year for the fund to seek contributions to finance its programs, said Ms. Morgenthau, the executive director.
"The entire race has come down to this: we must win Wisconsin," Dr. Dean wrote in the e-mail message, which included a plea for $50 contributions to finance television advertisements there.
Moreover, additional taxes or contributions to finance the programmes negatively affect demand for goods and services and in turn for (unsubsidized) labour.
In one of the most notable such cases, decided in 1984, a federal judge in Missouri ordered a doubling of Kansas City's property tax, an income tax surcharge and extra state contributions to finance $2 billion in spending on Kansas City's schools.
