The causal contribution of constraint can be assessed by using comparative data in order to compare evolutionary outcomes of lineages with and without the constraint of interest.
We developed a mathematical model to use the data on the correlations between protein abundances and ERs in two lineages to infer the relative contributions of constraints and translation rates to the evolution of protein-coding genes.
Sansom (2003) argued that the debate over the evolutionary importance of constraint amounts to an issue about the relative causal contributions of constraint and natural selection to evolutionary outcomes.
A detailed analysis of this database is presented in a companion paper, where physically based models are used to quantify the relative contributions of constraint loss and statistical size effects.
More data and the availability of separate larval and pupal stage specific representation information will be required in order to determine the relative contributions of constraint and selection in these mid-ontogenic stages.
In this study we bring together yield maps, farm soil surveys, and rainfall records to generate whole-farm maps of actual yield, water-limited potential yield, the yield gap, the contribution of soil constraints to the yield gap, and a list of the feasible interventions to close that gap.
2. There is a substantial component in the contribution of structural functional constraints, that is, lineage independent and gene independent.
We found that together, the two factors account for approximately 50% of the variance of the ER of proteins and that the contribution of structural functional constraints is several-fold greater than the contribution of translation rate.
To assess the contribution of the constraints to the solution, we decomposed the gradient component of equation 2 into two parts, one describing the data (A T W d r d ) and one describing the constraints (μ D T W c r c ).
In addition, PEG chain architecture and configuration have a dominant influence on the binding isotherms, where the contribution of steric constraint, excluded volume effect and enhanced electrostatic interaction, to the enthalpy during structural-reorganization is evident for three, four and eight arm PEGs of identical molecular weights.
