Sentence examples for contribution of bulk from inspiring English sources

It is shown that the contribution of bulk reactions to the electro-oxidation decreases from formic acid towards dimethylformamide, where only adsorbate processes can be observed.

The contribution of bulk electroconvection is discussed on the basis of the estimation of the thicknesses of the diffusion layer and its constituting zones as functions of the current density.

As the surface recombination rate increases in front, the effective lifetime, which is a contribution of bulk and surface lifetimes, decreases for silicon NWs.

After subtraction of the contribution of bulk refractive index and nonspecific interactions with the CM5 chip surface, the individual association (ka) and dissociation (kd) rate constants were obtained by global fitting of data using the two-state reaction (conformational change) interaction model using BIAevaluation™ (Biacore, Inc).

We can, therefore, still compare the contribution of bulk OH between samples.

Indeed, it has been reported before that the caspase-like activity has only a minor contribution of bulk protein degradation by the proteasome but rather determines degradation rates of specific substrates and the composition of the degradation products [ 32, 33].

The conductivities were measured using polarising electrodes with ac frequency analysis which was also used to determine the relative contributions of bulk and grain boundary conductivity to the conduction process.

Respective contributions of bulk and grain boundaries to overall conductivity is usually evidenced via impedance measurements but further information on hydrogen transport relevant for improvement of microstructure design can be obtained with nuclear microanalysis, based on the use of MeV light ions microbeam.

Calculations for the individual contributions of bulk, Knudsen and thermal diffusion and thermal transpiration to the total species fluxes indicate that bulk diffusion is the major component under purely diffusive conditions; however, Knudsen diffusion assumes greater significance when forced flow is introduced.

However, if the STO substrate is reduced during low oxygen pressure deposition a strong contribution of the bulk conduction of the STO is measurable6,7, while a deposition at high oxygen pressures can result in an undesirably high resistance18,20.

Moreover, by excluding the contribution of the bulk flow to the total energy the method eliminates the high Mach number problem in the flows of interest.