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The contribution of air between adjacent planes is accounted for as additional scatterers.
The kinetic effects predicted by the numerical algorithm turned out to be noticeable if the contribution of air in the Knudsen layer is taken into account.
The smaller value of the refractive index of the films is due to the contribution of air (n = 1) to the developed pore structure in the effective refractive index of TiO2 air [18].
These results also showed that the estimation of contribution of air stripping and biodegradation in the BOD removal in the MBR is very important in the optimum design of the MBR for ABS wastewater.
The contribution of air natural convection was experimentally obtained by changing the ambient pressure to vacuum condition and the solid matrix heat conduction was evaluated using a theoretical model.
For an individual climate factor, our results showed that the contribution of air temperature to soil moisture is greater than that of precipitation, and the effect of air temperature is more sensitive in different land covers.
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Although the contribution of air-conditioning to total energy use is quite small in many climates, this end-use can place a disproportionate demand upon the central electrical generation, transmission, and distribution system, particularly in the late afternoon of hot summer days.
The proposed qABL approach permits the direct estimation of the metabolic rate of 18F-FDG (K i ) in lung tissue by appropriately correcting for the confounding contributions of air and blood.
Our results have implications for the confounding effects of SES in studies of air pollution and health and for understanding the possible contributions of air pollution to health disparities.
Since air pollution is independently associated with birth outcomes and children's health outcomes, it is crucial to examine them in longitudinal studies to delineate the relative contributions of air pollution and birth outcomes to children's health.
This is in line with the proposed model (Künzli et al. 2001) in which some of the effects observed in cohort studies must reflect long-term contributions of air pollution to the underlying disease progression, whereas in other cases, air pollution contributes only to triggering of cardiovascular events or death (Bell et al. 2004; Künzli et al. 2001; Peters and Pope 2002).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com