Companies that depend on state largesse – from infrastructure to an education system that trains their employees, to in-work benefits – refuse to contribute in return.
For too long now, Indian Americans have sat silently on the sideline, reaping the benefits of living in America but contributing nothing in return.
While long considered to have a commensal relationship with its host, in which E. coli secures food and a nice warm home while contributing little in return, it is increasingly clear that the host- E. coli relationship is really a mutualism.
The fact that local-to-global reciprocity was effective in such large groups is especially surprising, given that the marginal per capita return of contributing in the PGG becomes smaller as groups grow and thus the incentives to contribute are reduced30,31,32,33.
Osborne told the Commons: "In this budget everyone will be asked to contribute but in return we make this commitment.
They enlisted a group of "passive" members who contributed financially in return for a yearly portfolio of prints.
Regulators want them to contribute more in return for an extension, something the battered industry can ill afford.
Unlike the more familiar symbiosis between fungi and tree roots by which there is a network of give-and-take exchange of nutrients, Gastrodia species extract what they require from the fungus but so far as is known contribute nothing in return.
(The adapter's makers aren't yet sure what the next step for the product is, but have spoken to some distributors including one who contributed $250 in return for Mr Provost and Mr Gerhardt taking him out to dinner, for which he then refused to let them pay).That brings the transition of a product, made of atoms, nearly back to being made of bits, at least so far as its creators are concerned.
