Elevation of PEL implied a spread of CMPI toward the luminal surface, and further investigation suggested that the activation of SPFs, which normally reside in the subperitoneal outer area of the colonic wall, contributes to obstruction of the bowel.
Processes contributing to obstruction in the small conducting airways include disruption of the epithelial barrier, interference with mucociliary clearance apparatus that results in accumulation of inflammatory mucous exudates in the small airway lumen, infiltration of the airway walls by inflammatory cells, and deposition of connective tissue in the airway wall.
In a previous study, an effective in vitro system was developed to understand how single cells suspended in CSF adhere to catheters and contribute to obstruction [ 14].
For a given cell, the MCD may then describe a criterion that determines whether IRBCs may be physically segregated and trapped by the spleen, or contribute to obstruction of capillaries in the microcirculation.
Although TGF- β1 is undoubtedly contributed to obstruction-induced fibrosis, it is normally secreted as a latent procytokine complex that needs activation before signaling through TGF- β receptor and mediating fibrogenic effects [ 18, 20].
Gas transfer (KCO) correlates with emphysema severity (alveolar destruction in the lung parenchyma), and emphysema contributes to airflow obstruction due to loss of elastic recoil; however, KCO does not correlate strongly with FEV1 in COPD.
Both goblet cell metaplasia and bronchial gland enlargement lead to airway mucus hypersecretion, which contributes to airway obstruction [ 6].
Hypovolemia induces cast precipitation by increasing FLC concentration in tubule lumen and lower urine flow contributes to intratubular obstruction.
Narrowing of the left ventricular outflow tract by hypertrophy of the interventricular septum contributes to dynamic obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract.
Blunting the acute phase of stimulated mucin secretion in this setting might prevent formation of concentrated mucus that cannot be cleared by ciliary action and therefore contributes to airflow obstruction [ 1, 49, 50, 51].
