Those ORFs with no recognisable promoter may not be transcribed, but Lyxy130 may be transcribed during the early or late stages of infection and could be contributing factor in host range expansion and some pathology of LyxyMNPV.
However, the bacterium then utilizes a novel recombination mechanism shuffling "functional pseudogenes" of the pfam01617 family (common within Anaplasmataceae) sequentially into an expression cassette with conserved 5' and 3' ends, bypassing host immunity and contributing in some host species to persistent infection [6].
Our results suggest that particular bacteria and their metabolites in the feces appear to contribute to differences in host health between those given SAID and traditional COD feeding.
However, it has been hypothesized that NS1 proteins from different strains have varying efficiency in interferon control, which could contribute to restriction in host range [ 50, 51].
In addition, we found that wildtype cells were able to contribute to heart in host embryos in which Gβγ subunit activity was inhibited by injection of RNA encoding the C-terminal fragment of GRK2 (Koch et al., 1994).
In conclusion, this comparative genomic analysis has revealed some unique genetic differences between C. parvum and C. hominis and identified some multigene families that can potentially contribute to differences in host specificity of the two closely related species.
The presence of an endotracheal tube bypassing natural upper airway defenses, decrease or loss of coughing, paralysis of bronchial ciliae, alterations in surfactant and phagocyte and epithelial defensins – a critical first line antibacterial defense mechanism – all contribute to impairment in host defense [ 2- 4].
In addition, the coral response to thermal stress [43], injury [44], [48] and infection [23], [49], [50] also contributes to elevated ROS in host tissues.
The aerobactin siderophore system is an important virulence factor that contributes to bacterial growth in host tissues and fluids where iron availability is limited [ 24, 25].
In the host, frequent co-infections may lead to heterozygote superiority against multiple pathogens and contribute to the persistence in host populations of alleles conferring susceptibility to disease [10].
