With this in mind, it would be interesting to add a category of junk genes to our model that would contribute a cost, c, in the fitness, but no selective advantage.
If the benefit of lower dialysate [Na+] is confirmed, the SoLID Trial will contribute a cost-free economically sustainable improvement to dialysis practice.
As LOS in a hospital is a major contributor to healthcare cost, it is a logical assumption that CDI contributes an economic cost to the health system, a view shared by Ghantoji, Sail et al. [ 4].
Diabetes is a major cause of heart disease, blindness, kidney failure and limb amputations in Canada and thus contributes a huge economic cost to the Canadian health care system.
Compared with the cost and labour implications of using traditional prospective measures this method could contribute a substantial cost and labour saving for the NHS.
But Norway's platform workers are already among the best-compensated in the world, contributing to a cost level that the oil companies say is considerably higher than that of other offshore provinces, including the Gulf of Mexico and the British sector of the North Sea.
Based on existing IPCC guidelines, we find that reduced tillage has considerable potential for contributing to a cost effective climate mitigation policy.
In real life, the additional costs associated with starting dialysis 6 or 12 months earlier might also contribute to a cost increase.
Identification of each additional STEC case could have a substantial public health effect in that 1 case may lead to the recognition of an outbreak, which if detected early, could contribute to a cost savings as well as reduced STEC-associated illness.
The incorporation of cheap cellulose sources such as sugar cane bagasse into media for producing lignocellulose enzymes should contribute to a decrease in the production costs of enzymatic complexes capable of hydrolyzing lignocellulose residues to form fermented syrups, thus contributing to a cost-efficient production of bioethanol.
