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The presence of blood contributes a background radioactive signal to the lung ROI, artificially increasing the measured signal.
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Importantly, PSWAN-GFP37TAG contains not only the GFP reporter but also three copies of a cassette expressing BstRNA and therefore contributes to a background of tRNA cassette in our experiments.
CTZ is known to undergo some auto-oxidation in the presence of oxygen, contributing to a background BLI signal (Shimomura et al., 1993; Tannous et al., 2005).
Non-specific binding of immunoglobulins to abundant plasma proteins may contribute to a background problem, limiting the availability of suitable highly specific antibodies ideally from different host animals to cancel out non-specific binding.
Note that one additional array contributed a notable background level of 124.05, and without this one array, the background was mean of 49, and standard deviation of 9. RawQ levels fell between 0.7 and 3.7 with a mean value of 1.5 and standard deviation of 0.4.
Work by Law et al. have shown that both Cerenkov and fluorescent light generated in an optical fibre contribute a varying background signal that depends on the length of fibre exposed to radiation.
This allows us to have only one selected beam in focus on the sample while the others contribute only to a background signal.
Most nurses pointed to professional ethics and accountability as important features that contributed to making a background for the ethical context of healthcare setting.
Note that Gd doping also contributes to the background as a darker and lighter haze in Figure 1, parts C and D, respectively.
Excess absolute risk (EAR) per dose refers to the additional risk that a radiation dose contributes beyond the background risk.
Similarly, there was little difference between the levels of background spot production under serum and serum-free conditions (Fig. 1b), suggesting that serum is not a major factor contributing to background spot detection.
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