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Consumer spending drives the American economy, but sluggish retail sales contributed to weak growth in the spring.
The leadership relied far too much on external consultants and the frequent departures of senior staff also contributed to weak management and oversight of the project.
This has contributed to weak growth and mounting pension obligations, major reasons Standard & Poor's downgraded Japan's sovereign debt rating on Thursday.
Spain, in contrast, has seen virtually no reduction in its debt load, despite fiscal austerity, partly because that very austerity has contributed to weak growth and low inflation which have kept down nominal GDP.
The reason was simple: there was not the slightest hint from the IMF or World Bank that the policies they advocated during the heyday of the so-called Washington consensus – austerity, privatisation and financial liberalisation – have contributed to weak and unequal growth, with all the political discontent that this has caused.
But if it does resort to unconventional measures, the most likely option would be to charge negative interest rates on funds parked by banks at the ECB, which would help to stave off the unwelcome appreciation of the euro that has contributed to weak inflation.
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These contexts could have contributed to weaker or stronger relationships between SEP and health, thereby explaining variations in health inequalities across cohorts.
Board members were concerned with continued below-average growth in the China and broader Asian region, which was contributing to weak growth in industrial production.
It's a vicious cycle: lack of demand for housing contributes to a lack of jobs, which contributes to weak household formation, which contributes to a lack of demand for housing.
The idea of "debt deflation" is one of the ingredients contributing to weak demand in the post-crisis world and the current pessimism about growth in otherwise healthy-looking economies such as the US and UK: the concept of "secular stagnation".
Shorter plants with erectophile leaves and lower root:shoot ratios could contribute to weak competitiveness.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com