Such perspectives suggest that substrates, factors and environmental cues contribute to translation regulation by helping the dynamic system navigate through a highly complex and metastable energy landscape.
These results on the dual drug-encapsulated nanoliposome system can contribute to translation of in vitro synergistic effects of two kinds of drugs into the clinic through overcoming both the difference between PK properties of each drug and the difficulty in targeting the same cancer cells in proper temporal sequence.
To investigate if ClpX also contributes to translation of mRNAs not interacting with RNAIII, we examined expression of the house-keeping gene rpoB in the clpX mutant by using a translational fusion between the rpoB promoter and lacZ (pLOJ133).
In particular, translation of a capped and polyadenylated luc mRNA in HIV-1 PR-treated extracts decreased to the translational level of an uncapped and unpolyadenylated luc mRNA, suggesting that the cap and poly(A) tail do not contribute to translation when the protein synthesis machinery is modified by this viral protease.
If both translation initiation and translation elongation contribute to translation efficiency, then protein production is expected to depend on both MFE and CAI.
Our work suggests the possibility that a few critical loci that contribute to translation, such as imprinted genes and rDNA, play a key role in the RBS disorder.
Although mRNA and protein levels are generally correlated [ 19- 23], there are also features in the mRNAs themselves that contribute to translation efficiency.
Therefore, our results indicate that for some genes the elongation step could also contribute to translation control corroborating the current point of view of mixed control of translation by initiation and elongation [ 4, 19, 27, 28, 36].
Even though a significant effect of HCV RNA genome amplification on the overall translation efficiency of the HCV genomes seems unlikely at the early time points analysed (4 h after transfection), we additionally used an NS5B polymerase GND mutant full-length genome to exclude that genome amplification contributes to translation efficiency.
Other unique characteristics of this fascinating protein are its ability to translocate from one cellular compartment to another, to form homo- and heterodimers with itself and with G-beta as well as with other scaffolding proteins such as 14-3-3zeta 14-3-3zeta 14-3-3zeta trandlatoon and transcontributevento [ 2, 4].
